Knowledge of excavator maintenance and repair

1. Fuel management

Different grades of diesel should be selected according to different ambient temperatures. Diesel must not be mixed with impurities, dust or water; otherwise, the fuel pump will wear out prematurely. Poor-quality fuel has a high content of paraffin and sulfur, which can cause damage to the engine. After each day's work, the fuel tank should be filled up to prevent water droplets from forming on the inner walls of the tank. Before starting work every day, open the water drain valve at the bottom of the fuel tank to release water. After the engine fuel is exhausted or the filter element is replaced, the air in the circuit must be discharged

2. Lubricating grease management

The use of lubricating oil (grease) can reduce the wear of moving surfaces and prevent noise. When storing and keeping grease, it must not be mixed with dust, sand particles, water or other impurities. Lithium-based grease G2-L1 is used, which has good anti-wear performance and is suitable for heavy-duty working conditions. When refilling, try to squeeze out all the old oil and wipe it clean to prevent sand and soil from adhering.

3. Maintenance of filter elements

The filter element serves to filter impurities in the oil or gas circuit, preventing them from entering the system and causing malfunctions. All kinds of filter elements should be replaced regularly as required by the (Operation and Maintenance Manual). When replacing the filter element, it is necessary to check whether there are any metal particles adhering to the old filter element. If metal particles are found, timely diagnosis and improvement measures should be taken. Use pure filter elements that comply with the machine's specifications. The filtering capacity of inferior filter elements is poor. The surface and material quality of their filter layers do not meet the requirements, which will be serious

It affects the normal use of the machine.

4. Contents of regular maintenance

The fuel filter and additional fuel filter of the new machine should be replaced after 250 hours of operation. Check the clearance of the engine valves.

② Daily maintenance. Check, clean or replace the air filter element; Clean the interior of the cooling system; Check and tighten the track plate bolts; Check and adjust the reverse tension of the tracks; Check the intake heater; Replace the bucket teeth; Adjust the bucket gap; Check the liquid level of the front window washer fluid; Check and adjust the air conditioner; Clean the floor in the driver's cabin; Replace the filter element of the crusher (optional accessory). When cleaning the interior of the cooling system, after the engine has cooled down fully, slowly loosen the water inlet cover to release the internal pressure of the water tank, and then water can be released. Do not carry out cleaning work when the engine is running. The high-speed rotating fan can cause danger. When cleaning or replacing the coolant, the machine should be parked on a level ground. The coolant and anti-corrosion device need to be replaced.

③ Inspection items before starting the engine. Check the height of the coolant level (add water); Check the engine oil level and add engine oil. Check the fuel level (add fuel); Check the hydraulic oil level (add hydraulic oil); Check whether the air filter element is clogged. Check the wires; Check if the horn is functioning properly; Check the lubrication of the bucket; Check the water and sediment in the oil-water separator.

④ Every 100 maintenance items. Boom cylinder head pin shaft Arm foot pin The end of the boom cylinder arm; Cylinder head pin shaft of bucket rod cylinder Boom and boom connecting pins; The end of the cylinder rod of the bucket rod cylinder; Bucket cylinder head pin shaft Half-rod connecting pin The end of the bucket rod and the bucket cylinder rod; Bucket cylinder head pin shaft Bucket rod connecting pin Check the oil level in the slewing mechanism box (add engine oil); Drain water and sediment from the fuel tank.

⑤ Maintenance items every 250 hours. Check the oil level in the final transmission box (add gear oil); "Check

Battery electrolyte Replace the oil in the engine oil pan and the engine filter element. Lubricate the slewing bearings (2 points); Check the tension of the fan belt and the tension of the air conditioner compressor belt, and make adjustments.

⑥ Maintenance items every 500 hours. Carry out maintenance items every 100 and 250 hours simultaneously; Replace the fuel filter element; Check the height of the grease on the rotating pinion (add grease); Inspect and clean the radiator fins, oil cooler fins and condenser fins. Replace the hydraulic oil filter element; Replace the oil in the final transmission box (only for the first time at 500 hours, and once every 1000 hours thereafter); Clean the air filters inside and outside the air conditioner system. Replace the filter element of the hydraulic oil vent port.

⑦ Maintenance items every 1000 hours. Carry out maintenance items every 100, 250 and 500 hours simultaneously; Replace the oil in the slewing mechanism box; Check the oil level of the shock absorber housing (return oil); Check all the fasteners of the turbocharger; Check the clearance of the turbocharger rotor; Inspection and replacement of generator belt tension; Replace the anti-corrosion filter element; Replace the oil in the final transmission box.

⑧ Maintenance items every 2000 hours. First, complete the maintenance items every 100, 250, 500 and 1000 hours; Clean the filter screen of the hydraulic oil tank; Clean and inspect the turbocharger; Check the generator and the starter motor; Check the engine valve clearance (and adjust it); Check the shock absorbers.

⑨ Maintenance after 4000 hours. Increase the inspection of the water pump every 4,000 hours. Add the item of changing the hydraulic oil every 5,000 hours.

⑩ Long-term storage. When the machine is stored for a long time, to prevent the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder from rusting, the working device should be placed on the ground. After cleaning and drying the entire machine, store it in a dry indoor environment. If conditions limit that the machine can only be stored outdoors, it should be parked on a well-drained cement ground. Before storage, fill the fuel tank, lubricate all parts, replace the hydraulic oil and engine oil, apply a thin layer of grease to the exposed metal surface of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod, and remove the negative terminal of the battery.

Or remove the battery and store it separately; Add an appropriate proportion of antifreeze to the cooling water according to the lowest ambient temperature. Start the engine and operate the machine once a month to lubricate all moving parts and charge the battery at the same time. Turn on the air conditioner and let it cool for 5 to 10 minutes.

Precautions for using excavators

1. Excavators are fixed assets with large economic investment. To extend their service life and achieve greater economic benefits, the equipment must be assigned to specific personnel, machines and positions, with clear responsibilities. When a job transfer is necessary, an equipment briefing should be conducted.

2 After the excavator enters the construction site, the driver should first observe the geological conditions of the working face and the surrounding environment. There should be no obstacles within the rotation radius of the excavator to avoid scratches or damage to the vehicle.

3 After the machinery is started, no one is allowed to stand inside the bucket, on the boom or on the tracks to ensure safe production.

4 When the excavator is in operation, no one is allowed to work, stay or walk within the turning radius or under the bucket. Non-drivers are not permitted to enter the cab to touch or move things randomly, and trained drivers are not allowed to be brought along to avoid damage to the electrical equipment.

5 When the excavator is being moved, the driver should first observe and sound the horn, then move it to avoid any safety accidents caused by people near the machinery. After moving, the position must ensure that there are no obstacles within the rotation radius of the excavator. Violation of operating procedures is strictly prohibited.

6 After the work is completed, the excavator should be moved away from the low-lying area or the edge of the trench (ditch), parked on the flat ground, with the doors and Windows closed and locked.

7 Drivers must do a good job in the daily maintenance, inspection and upkeep of the equipment, keep daily records of the equipment's use, and report any problems with the vehicle in a timely manner if they are found

Repair.

8 The cab must be kept clean and tidy, and the surface of the vehicle body must be kept clean, free of dust and oil stains. Form the habit of cleaning your car after work.

9 Drivers should promptly keep daily shift records, make statistics on the work content of the day, complete the procedures for odd jobs or items outside the project in a timely manner, and keep records for settlement purposes.

10 Drivers are strictly prohibited from drinking alcohol at noon or driving after drinking during working hours. If discovered, they will be subject to economic penalties. Any economic losses caused thereby shall be borne by the individual themselves.

11 For vehicle damage caused by human factors, the reasons should be analyzed, problems identified, responsibilities clarified, and economic penalties imposed based on the severity of the responsibility.

twelve We should establish a strong sense of responsibility, ensure safe production, do a good job in communication and service with the construction party, improve bilateral relations, foster a good working style, and be dedicated and responsible for the development and benefits of the enterprise, working hard.

13 Operating an excavator is a special operation and requires a special operation operation certificate to drive an excavator for operation.