An overview of Excavator Usage Skills

1. Operational techniques

First, confirm the surrounding conditions. When performing rotary operations, one should have a clear understanding of the surrounding obstacles and terrain and operate safely. When working, make sure to confirm the forward and backward direction of the tracks to avoid overturning or impact. Try not to position the final drive facing the excavation direction, otherwise it is easy to damage the walking motor or hose. When operating, ensure that the left and right tracks are in full contact with the ground to enhance the dynamic stability of the entire machine.

2. Effective mining methods

When the bucket cylinder and the connecting rod, as well as the bucket rod cylinder and the bucket rod, are at a 90-degree Angle to each other, the digging force is the greatest. When the bucket teeth maintain a 30-degree Angle with the ground, the digging force is optimal, that is, the resistance to cutting soil is the smallest. When digging with a bucket pole, it is necessary to ensure that the Angle range of the bucket pole is between 45 degrees from the front and 30 degrees from the back. Using both the boom and the bucket simultaneously can enhance the efficiency of excavation.

3. Excavate rocks

Using a bucket to dig rocks can cause significant damage to the machine and should be avoided as much as possible. When excavation is necessary, the position of the machine body should be adjusted according to the direction of the rock crack to ensure that the bucket can be smoothly inserted for excavation. Insert the bucket teeth into the rock cracks and use the digging force of the bucket rod and the bucket to dig (be careful of the bucket teeth slipping off). Unbroken rocks should be crushed first before being excavated with a bucket.

4. Slope leveling operation

When performing flat surface finishing, the machine should be placed flat on the ground to prevent the body from shaking. It is crucial to control the coordination of the movements of the boom and the bucket rod, and to control their speeds for flat surface finishing.

5. Loading operation

The machine body should be in a horizontal and stable position; otherwise, it will be difficult to accurately control the rotary unloading, thereby prolonging the operation cycle time. The engine body should be kept at an appropriate distance from the truck to prevent the rear of the engine body from colliding with the truck when making a 180-degree turn. Try to install it by turning left as much as possible. This way, the field of vision will be wider and the operation efficiency will be higher. At the same time, the rotation Angle should be correctly controlled to reduce the time spent on turning. The position of the truck is lower than that of the excavator to shorten the lifting time of the boom and ensure good visibility. First, load the sand and gravel, and then place the large stones. This can reduce the impact on the vehicle body.

6. Work in soft areas or water

When working in soft soil zones, it is necessary to understand the looseness of the soil and pay attention to limiting the digging range of the bucket to prevent accidents such as landslides and collapses as well as deep subsidence of the vehicle body.

When working in water, attention should be paid to the allowable water depth range of the vehicle body (the water surface should be below the center of the idler wheel). If the horizontal level is relatively high, the interior of the slewing bearing will be poorly lubricated due to water entry, the engine fan blades will be damaged by water impact, and the electrical circuit components will experience short circuits or open circuits due to water intrusion.

7. Hoisting operations

When using a hydraulic excavator for hoisting operations, it is necessary to confirm the surrounding conditions of the hoisting site, use high-strength hooks and steel wire ropes, and try to use dedicated hoisting devices during hoisting. The operation mode should be selected as the micro-operation mode, and the movements should be slow and balanced. The length of the hoisting rope should be appropriate. If it is too long, the lifted object will swing significantly and be difficult to control precisely. The position of the bucket should be adjusted correctly to prevent the steel wire rope from slipping off. Construction workers should try to stay away from the lifted objects to prevent danger caused by improper operation.

8. Smooth operation method

When in operation, the stability of the machine can not only enhance work efficiency and extend the machine's lifespan, but also ensure operational safety (place the machine on a relatively flat ground). The stability of the drive sprocket on the rear side is better than that on the front side, and it can prevent the final transmission from being impacted by external forces. The wheelbase of the track on the ground is always greater than the track, so it is more stable when working forward. Lateral operation should be avoided as much as possible. Keep the excavation point close to the machine to enhance stability and the excavator. If the excavation point is far from the machine, the operation will be unstable due to the forward shift of the center of gravity. Lateral excavation is less stable than forward excavation. If the excavation point is far from the center of the machine body, the machine will be even more unstable. Therefore, an appropriate distance should be maintained between the excavation point and the center of the machine body to ensure balanced and efficient operation.

9. Notable operations

The hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a buffer device inside, which can gradually release the back pressure near the end of the stroke. If the piston is subjected to an impact load at the end of the stroke, it will directly touch the cylinder head or bottom, which is likely to cause an accident. Therefore, when reaching the end of the stroke, as much clearance as possible should be left.

Using rotary actions to push soil will cause abnormal force on the bucket and working device, resulting in distortion or weld cracking, and even pin shaft breakage. Such operations should be avoided as much as possible.

Excavating by using the weight of the machine body will cause abnormal force conditions on the slewing bearing, and at the same time, it will generate strong vibration and impact on the chassis, thus causing significant damage to the hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic pipeline.

When loading and unloading heavy materials such as rocks, they should be unloaded close to the bottom of the truck's cargo compartment, or soil should be loaded first and then rocks. Unloading at heights is strictly prohibited to minimize the impact and damage to the truck.

When the tracks are deeply stuck in the mud, place a wooden board under the bucket, use the bottom end of the bucket to support the tracks, then place a wooden board under the tracks and drive the machine out.

10. Correct walking operation

When the excavator is moving, the working device should be retracted as much as possible and placed close to the center of the machine body to maintain stability. Place the final drive at the back to protect it.

Try to avoid driving over obstacles such as tree stumps and rocks as much as possible to prevent the tracks from twisting. If it is necessary to pass over an obstacle, make sure that the center of the track is on the obstacle.

When passing over the earth mound, always support the chassis with the working device to prevent the vehicle body from shaking violently or even overturning.

It is advisable to avoid idling the engine for a long time on a steep slope; otherwise, poor lubrication may occur due to the change in the oil level Angle.

When a machine travels long distances, the idler wheels and the interior of the final transmission will generate high temperatures due to prolonged rotation, resulting in a decrease in the viscosity of the engine oil and poor lubrication. Therefore, it is necessary to frequently stop the machine for cooling and temperature reduction to extend the service life of the lower body.

It is strictly prohibited to carry out excavation operations by the driving force of walking, otherwise the excessive load will cause premature wear or damage to the lower components such as the final drive and tracks.

When walking uphill, the drive wheels should be at the rear to increase the adhesion of the track that touches the ground.

When walking downhill, the drive wheels should be in the front to keep the upper tracks taut, so as to prevent the vehicle body from sliding forward under the effect of gravity when stopping and causing danger.

When walking on a slope, the working device should be placed in front to ensure safety. After stopping, gently insert the bucket into the ground and place the upper block under the tracks.

When turning while walking on a steep slope, you should slow down. When turning left, turn the left track backward; when turning right, turn the right track backward. This can reduce the danger when turning on a slope.

11. Correct crushing operation

First, place the hammerhead vertically on the object to be broken. When starting the crushing operation, lift the front part of the vehicle body about 5cm. During the crushing process, the crushing head should always press on the crushed material. Once the uncrushed material has been crushed, the crushing operation should be stopped immediately.

When crushing, due to vibration, the hammer head will gradually change direction. Therefore, the bucket cylinder should be adjusted at any time to ensure that the hammer head direction is perpendicular to the surface of the crushed object.

When the hammer cannot penetrate the crushed material, the crushing position should be changed. Do not continuously break at the following place for more than one minute; otherwise, not only will the hammer head be damaged, but the oil temperature will also abnormally rise. For hard objects, start breaking from the edge gradually.

It is strictly prohibited to break while rotating, twist after the hammer head is inserted, use the hydraulic hammer horizontally or upward, and use the hydraulic hammer as a chisel.