How to use a rice combine harvester correctly

With the implementation of the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy, the number of agricultural machinery has grown rapidly, especially the number of rice combine harvesters has increased several times over. The total grain loss rate during the operation of rice combine harvesters has specified indicators, generally requiring it to be less than 3% to 3.5%. However, in actual use, due to reasons such as improper operation skills of the operator and improper technical adjustments of the harvester, the total loss rate of grains will increase. Reducing grain loss during the operation of rice combine harvesters is not only an urgent demand put forward by the vast number of farmers, but also the responsibility that harvester operators should fulfill to improve the quality of harvesting. To reduce grain loss during the operation of rice combine harvesters, for fully feed self-propelled rice combine harvesters, the following measures should be taken in terms of installation, adjustment, and operation techniques.

First, make correct technical adjustments

1. Install the rice divider correctly. Threshing is the first step in the operation of a combine harvester. The quality of threshing directly affects the subsequent operation procedures and the loss of grains. For this reason, when installing and adjusting the rice divider, it is necessary to ensure that the center line of the rice divider is perpendicular to the moving knife rod of the header, and the tip of the rice divider is at the same height as the cutter. If the rice divider is deformed, it should be corrected in time to avoid missed or oblique cutting, which may cause loss of rice.

2. Adjust the threshing wheel correctly. The height of the threshing wheel should be such that when the threshing wheel and the teeth are turned to the lowest position, they should act on the upper two-thirds of the area above the crop cutting point. If it is too high, it is easy to strike the rice ears; if it is too low, it is easy for the stems to get stuck on the threshing board. The front and rear positions of the threshing wheel should be adjusted so that when the header is in the cutting position, the shaft position of the threshing wheel should be directly above the cutter.

3. Adjust the inclination Angle of the rice-pulling wheel plate correctly to reduce rice-carrying loss. When harvesting upright or slightly fallen rice, the threshing wheel should be placed vertically downward. This can reduce the contact between the threshing wheel and the head of the rice ear and minimize the loss of grains. When harvesting fallen rice, the threshing wheel is tilted backward. Technical measures to reduce grain loss during the use of rice combine harvesters include lowering and moving the threshing wheel backward.

4. Adjust the eccentric position of the telescopic rod correctly to prevent the feed inlet of the header from turning over the grass and causing grain loss. When the telescopic rod extends, the gap between it and the bottom plate of the cutting table is 5 to 10mm. When retracting, the driven wheel direction of the middle conveying trough should be retracted to the outer peripheral surface of the auger cylinder.

5. Install the number of teeth rods of the threshing drum reasonably, clean the screen in time, and reduce the loss of grains at the grass discharge port. Under the premise of ensuring thorough threshing of rice, the number of drum teeth should be reduced as much as possible. When harvesting rice, installing three toothed rods can meet the needs of threshing. When harvesting japonica rice, difficult-to-remove crops or crops with high humidity, 4 or 6 toothed poles can be installed, with each pole installed at 90° or 60° intervals. During the operation, if it is found that there is a loss of grains in the discharged straw, the machine should be stopped (the engine turned off) to clear the straw and debris on the screen to reduce the loss of grains.

6. Correctly adjust the fan speed, the amplitude of the vibrating screen and the position of the regulating plate at the impurity discharge port to reduce cleaning losses. When harvesting rice, the fan speed should be set lower when the grains are blown out. When harvesting late japonica rice, as the amount of cleaning is relatively large, the amplitude of the vibrating screen can be appropriately increased. When harvesting indica rice or grains with a small amount of cleaning, the amplitude should be appropriately reduced to minimize the loss from being thrown out. The adjustment of the position of the regulating plate: The steeper the position of the regulating plate, the less the loss of the blown grains will be, but the impurity rate of the grains will increase. The flatter the position of the adjusting plate, the higher the cleanliness of the grains, but the cleaning loss also increases simultaneously. Therefore, adjustments should be made in the operation according to the actual situation.

Ii. Correct operation and use

When the harvester enters the field and encounters a high ridge, a clear space (2m×4m) should be manually cut at the right corner of the field first to prevent the loss of grains due to the pressure of the rice.

2. Make the cutting path correctly. First, a row should be cut along the right side of the field. Then, by reversing and advancing in a straight line two to three times, a diagonal cut should be made at the corner of the field. After that, a straight turn should be made for harvesting.

3. When harvesting, try to walk in a straight line. Avoid turning while harvesting to prevent the rice from being crushed and causing grain loss.

4. During the operation of the harvester, medium and high throttle speeds should be adopted. When the harvester arrives at the field or leaves the cutting area for transfer, it should continue to maintain a medium throttle and run for about 30 seconds to ensure that the rice inside the machine is thoroughly threshed and sorted, reducing grain loss.

5. Move first and then walk. When the harvester is in operation, first engage the working clutch to make the cutting machine, conveying device, threshing, cleaning and other working components of the header run first until they reach the rated working speed. Then drive the harvester to move and harvest. This can prevent the cutting machine from being bitten by the rice stalks and reduce the waste of grains.

6. Wait for it to dry when wet. In the morning, there is a lot of dew and the rice is damp. Generally, it is not until around 9 a.m. when the dew dries up that the harvester is driven to harvest. If there is water in the rice field, it should be drained completely a few days in advance and the field should be sun-dried (there should be no footprints when people step on it). This can improve the working efficiency, prevent the working parts of the harvester from getting clogged and reduce the waste of rice.

7. Control the speed reasonably. The operation speed of the harvester is directly related to the operation efficiency and quality. If the rice yield is over 500kg per mu, the first gear operation can be selected. If the rice yield is between 400 and 500 kilograms per mu, the second gear operation can be used. If the rice yield is below 400kg per mu, Grade III operation can be used. This can enhance operational efficiency, prevent the harvester from getting clogged, and reduce the waste of rice.

8. During the harvesting operation, try to minimize the number of stops. When a malfunction occurs and the machine stops, promptly cut off the power of the harvester to reduce the loss of the threshing wheel.

When troubleshooting blockages, the clogged rice crops should be retrieved and refed for threshing and cleaning to minimize losses.

10. Grain receivers should pay attention to avoiding waste such as leakage, throwing and scattering during the process of receiving and placing grains.